The 2021 Italian champions had come into Sunday’s game fresh from four straight league wins, having rebuilt their season after a sluggish start.
But the Derby d’Italia loss left Inter in seventh with 24 points from 13 games, sitting 11 points behind leaders Napoli.
“There are 25 games to go from now to the end,” Inzaghi told reporters.
“This is a defeat that slows us down a lot with the progress of this championship but we must be good at putting this defeat behind us immediately.
“We have to improve in these matches, the performance has been there but we have to be better at making the goals come.”
The win eased the pressure on Juve boss Massimiliano Allegri, with the Bianconeri moving up to fifth in Serie A.
“When you play with this attitude it’s difficult to concede, our goal is to do our utmost,” Allegri said.
“We mustn’t think that it’s over and that we have solved everything, we still have to keep working.
“Great things have been done tonight, but there is room for improvement, one step at a time.”